http://www.autoenglish.org/writing/w.famous.pdf
Speaking Situations
http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/speaking_situations.html
Listening and reading
http://www.voanews.com/learningenglish/home/business/Econ-Struggles-With-Greece-129921418.html
Empezó como un taller de inglés básico y está evolucionando junto con sus usuarios.
conditional type 0 >> ZERO CONDITIONAL |
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT Used for scientific facts or general truths (usado para expresar verdades científicas, hechos que nunca cambian o situaciones que siempre ocurren). Algunos gramáticos incluyen este tipo de condicional dentro de FIRST CONDITIONAL oConditional Type I. |
If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, ésta se derrite. |
If you put water in a cooler, it freezes. Si colocas agua en el congelador, ésta se congela. |
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. Si calientas agua a 100 grados, ésta hierve. |
If you cross an international date line, the time changes. Si cruzas una línea de tiempo internacional, la hora cambia. |
If you drop ice in water, it floats. Si tiras hielo al agua, éste flota. |
If iron gets wet, it rusts. Si el hierro se moja, se oxida. |
conditional type I >> FIRST CONDITIONAL |
Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado para cosas que pueden ocurrir en presente o futuro). |
a) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE |
If you study hard, you will pass your exams. Si estudias intensamente aprobarás tus exámenes. |
If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct. Si no protegemos a los osos panda, pronto se extinguirán. |
b) IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTUREUsed for threats and promises (usado para expresar amenazas y promesas) |
Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you. No cuentes una palabra de esto o te mato. |
Finish your job, and you will have a bonus. Termina tu tarea y tendrás una gratificación. |
c) IMPERATIVO + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT |
Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda. |
Call them in case you need help. Llámalos en caso de necesitar ayuda. |
NOTE: In cases b and d above, you can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) |
conditional type II >> SECOND CONDITIONAL |
Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which don't or won't happen.It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado en presente o futuro para expresar situaciones hipotéticas, que normalmente son irreales o imposibles). |
IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONAL If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oración es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas) |
If I were rich, I would buy a castle. Si fuera rico, compraría un castillo. |
If I were him, I would go and see a doctor. Si fuera él -en su lugar- consultaría con un médico. |
If elephants had wings, they would be able to fly. Si los elefantes tuvieran alas, podrían volar. |
NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above. |
conditional type III >> THIRD CONDITIONAL |
Used to talk about unreal situations in the past, that is, things which did not happen in the past. (utilizado para expresar situaciones irreales – que nunca sucedieron – en el pasado y, en general, dentro de un contexto de crítica, queja o remordimiento). En español tienes una construcción similar por lo cual este condicional no debería resultar complicado. |
IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECT If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oración es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas) |
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habría ido a ver. |
The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. |
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop. Si hubieses ahorrado tu dinero, podrías haberte comprado una computadora. |
The real situation was that you didn't save your money. So they say If you had saved... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. |
If you hadn't been late for work so often, they wouldn't have fired you. Si no hubieses llegado tarde al trabajo tan seguido, no te habrían despedido. |
The real situation was that you wasn't early for work. So they say If you hadn't been late... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. |
NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above. Page with exercises: http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences Paractise: Listenig, reading and speaking: http://www.voanews.com/learningenglish/theclassroom/articles/health/How-Much-Screen-Time-Is-Too-Much-for-Children--129959053.html |
| I have bought a car. | Yo he comprado un coche: nos indica que la acción de comprar el coche acaba de realizarse. |
| I bought a car. | Yo compré un coche: no implica que la acción haya sido reciente, ni que aún siga teniendo ese coche. |
| I have read a book. | Yo he leído un libro: la acción acaba de finalizar. |
| I read a book this morning. | Yo leí un libro esta mañana |
| This morning I have drunk three coffees. | Esta mañana me he tomado 3 cafés: utilizo en este caso el "present perfect" si el periodo de la mañana aún no ha terminado. |
| This morning I drank three coffees. | Esta mañana me tomé tres cafés: nos indica que la mañana ya finalizó. |
| I have lived in this city since 1980. | He vivido en esta ciudad desde 1980: implica que sigo viviendo en la ciudad. |
| I have played tennis since my childhood. | He jugado al tenis desde mi infancia: y sigo jugando |
| I lived in this city for 10 years. | Yo viví en esta ciudad 10 años: pero ya no vivo ahí. |
| I played tennis for many years. | Yo jugué al tenis muchos años: pero ya no juego. |
| I have listened to the news. | Yo he escuchado las noticias |
| She has watched TV. | Ella ha visto la tele |
| I have not done my homework. | Yo no he hecho mis deberes. |
| Have you been to Seville? | ¿ Has estado en Sevilla ? |